As malaria cases and deaths rise worldwide and resistance threatens current treatments and prevention tools, eliminating malaria will require a combination of strategies, rather than relying on a single solution, according to a new review by George Washington University global health expert Nirbhay Kumar.
Kumar, a professor in the Department of Global Health at the GW Milken Institute School of Public Health, examines the latest malaria-control and elimination strategies in a review titled “No Single Magic Bullet: The Case for Combined Interventions for Global Malaria Elimination and Eradication.”
The review comes as the global fight against malaria faces renewed challenges. According to the paper, an estimated 282 million malaria cases and approximately 610,000 deaths occurred in 2024 across 80 malaria-endemic countries, representing an increase of roughly 9 million cases from the previous year.
The review argues that the strongest path toward long-term malaria elimination is to strategically combine three major categories of interventions:
- Mosquito control: Insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor spraying and newer insecticides can help reduce mosquitoes and prevent bites.
- Antimalarial drugs: Combination treatments and preventive medicines can treat malaria, reduce its spread and help fight drug resistance.
- Vaccines: Current malaria vaccines are an important starting point for developing new improved combination vaccines that could target the different species of the parasite at different stages of its life cycle.
Kumar cautions that there will not be a universal combination that works everywhere. Malaria transmission varies substantially across regions, and elimination strategies will need to be tailored to local conditions.
The review calls for country-led approaches that use real-time epidemiological and entomological information to determine where and when different tool combinations should be deployed, while ensuring communities have equitable access to vaccines, antimalarial drugs and next-generation vector-control tools.
-GW-